Symmetric components of 850-hPa wind speed (m s −1) for 3-km resolution experiments constructed from vortex-following composites averaged during the final 24-h period. For (b), the DH* term is essentially zero. 11-9, vectors represent storm motion ( C) and the HA and DH* motion contributions. Mass-weighted vertically averaged vertical velocity over the lowest 4.3 km (shaded) for the last day of 4-day simulations using (a) the bubble initialization and (b) a bogus vortex, from P5’s high-resolution simulations (see Table 11-1) R m0 and α 0 are initial values used in the Rankine formula. The top of the figure represents north.Ĭontributions of horizontal advection (HA), vertical advection (VA), and diabatic heating (DH) to storm translation ( C) at 36 h at three levels from one of Wu and Wang’s (2000) experiments. Superposed are vectors indicating storm motion ( C) and contributions to motion from diabatic heating (DH) and a combination of DH and vertical advection (called DH*). Fields were averaged in a vortex-following manner over day 4 of the simulations. Vertical velocity averaged from the surface to 500 hPa (mass-weighted) and over 150 km ×150 km portions of the model’s single, 4-km resolution domain, from P3 and augmented P3 simulations ( Table 11-1) using various MP and radiation schemes. 3.2 employing Thompson (T) and Ferrier (F) microphysics, the RRTMG LW and SW (indicated by sign) schemes, and GFDL radiation. The augmented P3 study adds simulations using WRF v. Storm motion vectors for the 60–72-h period from simulations made for the P3 study (see Fig. Gulf Coast segment is included only for scale as the model has no land.
The 72-h K simulation position is beyond the subdomain depicted. 11-5 and Table 11-3) with CRF (a) on and (b) off. In (b), markers are separated by 12 h.ġ2-hourly cyclone positions over 72 h for simulations K, L, W, W6, and S 1 and S 2 (see Fig. (a) Initial tangential wind profiles and (b) corresponding tracks to 72 h from the Fiorino and Elsberry (1989) experiment. Asterisks indicate CRF-off runs and is the LW absorption sensitivity test from P3. Microphysical schemes considered include Kessler (K), two versions of Seifert–Beheng (S 1 and S 2), WSM3 (W), WSM6 (W6), and Purdue–Lin (L) see Table 11-3.
Symmetric components of the 10-m wind speed (m s −1), temporally averaged over a diurnal cycle in a vortex-following fashion, from ARW simulations conducted for the P3 study. Simulations NR and NCR prevented the formation of raindrops and both cloud droplets and raindrops, respectively. Minimum SLP from axisymmetric CM1 model simulations made using microphysical variants of the warm rain Kessler (K) scheme. From P7.Įvolution of (a) maximum wind speed (m s −1) at the lowest model level and (b) minimum SLP (hPa) for several experiments, including the control run (CTRL), a warm rain without ice (WMRN), a simulation including hail (HAIL), and runs in which melting (NMLT) or evaporation (NEVP) were neglected. Tendencies (K day −1) averaged over space and through one diurnal cycle for LW (blue), SW (red), and net (black) radiation from an HWRF simulation undisturbed by convection using the RRTMG parameterization. Exponential (Marshall–Palmer) particle size distribution for number of particles ( N D) vs diameter ( D), which assumes a fixed intercept N 0 with slope λ determined by particle mass content.
0 kommentar(er)
